What did the Treaty of Waitangi say?

The different of the English and Maori Treaty?

Article 1. English version main point is Maori to give up complete sovereignty to the British. This meant Maori came under complete control of the British government and laws. Maori version main point is that Maori to give up the governorship. For Maori, this meant Queen Victoria became the sovereign of New Zealand. However, Maori chiefs still had control of their tribes.

Article 2. English version main point is Maori are guaranteed their 'possession of their lands, estates, forests, fisheries and other properties'. British Crown has the pre-emptive right to buy Maori land that is offered for sale. That meant Maori could only sell land to the British government. Maori version main point is Maori have full chieftainship of their lands, villages and possession and everything they treasure. If Maori wanted to sell their land, they had to first offer it to the British Crown at an agreed price. If the British Crown did not agree, land could then be sold to someone else.

Article 3. English version main point is Maori have the same rights as British subjects. Maori version main point is that the British will protect Maori. Maori have the same rights as British subjects.

My understanding of this article is that Maori they don't really need to sign a treaty. The Treaty of Waitangi was more about giving the British people power which the Maori regret signing it because the English version is different from the Maori version this is what causes conflict.   

An Ideal World

My ideal world is a world without humans. I want to see a world where natural overgrow the city. I think that if human disappear oil refineries malfunction, producing mouth-long blazes at plants like the one in western India, the southern United States, and South Korea. In underground rail systems like those in London, Moscow, and New York City, hundreds of drainage pumps are abandoned, flooding the tunnels in just three days. Within 20 years, sidewalks have been torn apart by weeds and tree roots. Flooded tunnels erode the streets above into urban rivers. This would create a new environment for the animals.

Why was a Treaty needed in New Zealand?

Introduction 

In 1830 there were 100k Māori and 100 Europeans living in New Zealand. The behaviour of the Whalers, the Missionaries’ desire to help protect Māori rights and the Musket Wars were reasons that a treaty was needed. The Declaration of Independence was another contributing factor to the need for a treaty.

Paragraph One (Lawyer)

One reason that a treaty was needed was the lawless behaviour of some of the British Settlers like whalers. This is important because of the lawless behaviour of the whalers caused conflict and disorder in Kororareka. It was so depressing that Kororaeka was called the hell hole of the pacific. For example, when the whalers came ashore there was a lot of serious drinking and partying all night. This would lead to fighting and disease were common too. Also, prostitution and short-term marriages for land and trading with the Maori. This worried the Maori chief, however, they did enjoy the trading with European, to put an order in Kororareka they sign a treaty.                 

Paragraph Two (Lawyer)

Another reason that a treaty was needed was to protect Māori rights. One group that felt strongly about this was the missionaries. The missionaries were catholic they came to New Zealand to share their religions with the Maori. Also, the missionaries introduced new technologies such as farming equipment and methods, hoping that the Maori would understand the missionaries way of life that would help the Maori convert to their religions. But the missionaries were worried about the Maori being killed or enslaved as a result of the Musket Wars. They are also concerned at the lawlessness and the violent behaviour of the whaler on ashore. The whaler spread disease and prostitution in Kororareka. Not only that, the Maori lands were being sold rapidly around the country however the missionaries themselves purchased large tracts of lands as a type of trustee on behalf of Maori. This was the reason that the treaty was needed.              

Paragraph Three (Hammer)

Another reason that a treaty was needed was the Musket Wars. The Musket killed over 20000 people. Ngapuhi which is the northern tribes around the Bay of Islands attacks the tribes to the South. This causes the other tribes to trade of muskets to defence their people. Tribes in the central North Island can not trade muskets, therefore, they die in bloody death. The impact causes the Maori population to drop rapidly. Also, the tribal boundaries changed rapidly as a result of the Musket Wars. The Maori that doesn’t have muskets are enslaved or killed as the outcome of the Musket Wars.       

Paragraph Four (The Slam Dunk)

The final reason that a treaty was needed was the existence of the Declaration of Independence. Why did the Maori need the Declaration of Independence? Interestingly, the Maori needed the Declaration of Independence so that the Maori would have full control of New Zealand, therefore, they can trade with the British. The Declaration of Independence was signed in the home of James Busby the British resident in New Zealand. He was sent here because 13 Ngapuhi rangatiras had written to the British king and asked for protection from other countries that were missing them. When James Busby arrived he decided that we need a flag so that the Maori can recognize the British ships. So James Busby took one step further and had the Maori sign the Declaration of Independence. The outcome is that the Maori would have full control that they would have a lot of mana. This would lead to the signing of Waitangi because the British would realise that the Maori had a lot of power. This is why the treaty was needed.           

Conclusion (Robust Conclusion)

In conclusion, a treaty was needed because the Maori have a lot of mana. This is when the Maori signed the Declaration of Independence to give the Maori full control of New Zealand. This means that if other countries went to do stuff in New Zealand it needs to be approved by the Maori. Like, the lawless behaviour in Kororareka, to protect Māori rights, and the Musket Wars. What we learn from this is that the treaty leads to war and it stops the Maori from killing themself. This is why the treaty was needed.   

Different colour bloods

To understand the colour of the blood we need to know the blood proteins. Today for many animals, the blood protein of choice is globin. A globin molecule has a special prong on it that binds to an atom of iron, which in turn is surrounded by a doughnut-shape molecule called heme. And on the opposite side of the doughnut, a molecule of oxygen can bind to the iron. The basic protein structure that cradles this heme doughnut is called the globin fold. And this fold is so distinct and so good at holding onto and releasing oxygen, that it's been used in many different forms, by many different organisms to do a variety of jobs over the aeons. Today, in many animals, including you, blood carries oxygen around the body with the help of a protein called haemoglobin. This is why your blood is red because of iron. Blood inside the body is darker but if you get a cut and bleed the blood would become bright red because of oxygen. 

Haemoglobin is not the only one. The horseshoe crab has blood proteins called hemocyanin. Hemocyanin has copper rather than iron. This is why horseshoe crabs have blue blood because copper turns greenish-blue when it's oxidized. Hemocyanin and Haemoglobin are the most common oxygen-carrying blood proteins found in animals today, and they're the ones we know the most about. But other animals have different blood proteins.





Many species of marine worms and brachiopods, for instance, use a totally different blood protein hemerythrin. It uses irons to transport oxygen, but it doesn't have doughnut-shaped heme. Because of this, the blood in those animals turns a bright violet when it's oxygenated. And like hemocyanin, this protein is less efficient, but it's also simpler so simple, in fact, that it's thought to have been used by the very earliest single-celled organisms. Blood can also be green.  Some animals like certain species of lizards have a lime green pigment in their blood called biliverdin which is produced when haemoglobin is broken down and having a lot of this stuff might actually make their blood more resistant to disease. And other animals have even lost their blood proteins entirely like the Icefish which lives off the coast of Antarctica. Its blood is a clear white because unlike other fish it doesn't have any haemoglobin or other proteins at all. That might be because having blood cells would cause its blood to clot too easily in such cold temperatures or maybe it was just a genetic accident. But even without blood proteins, the Icefish gets along by having a low metabolism and living in oxygen-rich waters.
             

               

How Evolution works

The story of life on Earth is a story of change. Living things have transformed the atmosphere and the climate. They've survived the movements of the continents, and the rise and fall of the seas. And they've adapted to these changes over the long course of Earth's history, through a process that still continues today: evolution.

Evolution, in the simplest terms, just change over time. And it's responsible for the shape of the tree of life, for creating the diversity that we see in the fossil record as well as in modern ecosystems. It's the very foundation of our understanding of biology, and it continues to help us make sense of the world around us.

Evolution was revolutionary when it was first introduced. The first to put all of the pieces together into a unified explanation that would radically alter our understanding of life on our planet were Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. But our understanding of evolutionary theory didn't stop there. In the last 160 years, we've learned what Darwin and Wallace didn't know, and we've figured out a lot about how evolution actually works like how it can produce the incredible array of animals you see here, and how we know they're all related.

Darwin and Wallace were both British naturalists whose thinking about the natural world was deeply shaped by long voyages of exploration. Darwin famously sailed to South America and the Galapagos Islands, and Wallace went to South America and Southeast Asia. Together they observed an unbelievable diversity of life. They observed how very similar organisms seemed to be somewhat restricted in a way that made them ideally suited to their surroundings. In the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed the different shapes in the beaks of finches on different islands. For Wallace, it was the differences between monkeys living on different riverbanks in the Amazon. And they both recognised that the patterns they observed meant that these species all probably arose from the same place a common ancestor.

They realized the bodies of these animals had been formed over time by the conditions in their environments, occurring in the different forms they found on different islands and riverbanks. Darwin and Wallace's ideas were deeply influenced by other, earlier thinkers, in natural history, geology, and even economics. Scholars like Georges Cuvier, Charles Lyell, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and Thomas Malthus helped establish the ideas that were important to evolutionary thinking, that the Earth was very old, that species seemed to change and go extinct over time, and that individuals fought over limited resources. Darwin and Wallace used these insights along with their own observations to both arrive at the same mechanism by which species evolve: natural selection.

In a paper read to a meeting of scientists in London in 1858, their theory of natural selection was presented based on a series of principles: The first key idea was that, in a population of living things, natural variations will occur, and as a result of those changes, some members of the population will survive and reproduce more than others. Then, they posited that those that survive and reproduce will pass on their traits to their offspring. And this meant that traits that give individuals an advantage in a certain environment will get passed on more often. As a result, more members of the population will have that trait. Therefore, gradually and over time, this will result in certain traits showing up more or less often in a population.

Today, when this series of events happen within a species, we call it microevolution. It's how a single species respond to changes in the environment. On a broader scale, we call it macroevolution. This is how these changes accumulate over long periods of time to produce entirely new body plans, new species, and the grander patterns of diversity in the tree of life. One of the most incredible things about the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection was that Darwin and Wallace didn't have a good explanation for how traits were passed from parent to offspring. Genetics as a field was still a long way off, and neither of them was aware of the experiments that were being done on pea plants at the time, by a Czech monk named Gregor Mendel.

In the 1850s, while Darwin and Wallace were putting all the puzzle pieces of natural selection together, Mendel was breeding peas at his monastery to try to figure out how heredity worked. And he figured out that traits didn't simply blend together when living things reproduce. Instead, only some were inherited as discrete traits by different numbers of offspring. Mendel's results were rediscovered around the turn of the 20th century when a new generation of biologists was investigating genetic. And it was a new wave of researchers that brought our understanding of evolution to the next level.

One of these scientists was American biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan. Instead of peas, he bred flies, and in 1910, he bred a fly with an odd trait. It had eyes that were white, instead of red. What's more, he was able to breed that white-eyed trait back into the parent population. Morgen had discovered another key driver of evolution by natural selection: mutation. He realized that the fly had undergone a random change in its genes that made it different from the rest. So Morgan theorized that mutations were a source of variation in living things and that it was the source of the variation that natural selection acted on. Beneficial mutations would be passed on, he thought, and detrimental ones would eventually disappear.

So by early 1900s, we'd already recognized two of the four major force of evolution: Darwin and Wallace gave us natural selection and Morgan brought mutation into the mix. It wasn't until the 1920s that things would really start to come together through the work of three of the founders of the field of population genetics: Ronald Aylmer Fisher, John Burdon Sanderson Haldane, and Sewall Wright. Fisher and Haldane both looked at natural selection mathematically, especially in a large population, using Mendel's ideas about inheritance to figure out how often and how fast natural selection worked on variations. It was Haldane who did the math that explained the transition of England's famous peppered moth, in which a gene for dark colour spread quickly, as pollution darkened the bark of the trees they lived on. Studies like this led Fisher and Haldane to conclude that natural selection acted slowly, but also uniformly, in large populations. Meanwhile, in the US, a geneticist named Sewall Wright was thinking about how evolution worked in smaller, more isolated populations. He did some research breeding animals like cattle and guinea pigs. But it was his mathematical studies of genetics that led him to uncover another key idea: genetic drift.

This is the idea that the frequency at which certain genes appear will sometimes change, totally by chance, and randomly, and Sewell found that this has a greater effect in smaller populations than in larger ones. Another idea that came up around this time, in the late 1930s, is gene flow the movement of genes between populations, by way of migration. So, when members of one population of a species say, panthers from Texas breed with members of another population like panthers in Florida that will change the makeup of the gene pool in the Florida population. And this, too, is a driving force of evolutionary change. Together, the work of Fisher, Haldane, and Wright showed that natural selection acting on genes was the most likely explanation for how evolution works.

And in 1937, another biologist brought together all of the evidence from genetics and natural history to show how evolution by natural selection could produce new species. And this enabled us to make the enormous conceptual jump from microevolution to macroevolution. His name was Theodosius Dobzhansky, and he had worked in Hunt's fly lab. He'd found that fly population from different countries seemed to be genetically different, even though they were considered to be the same species. But, these flies weren't so good at reproducing with each other. So he wondered if they were actually different species. And this took the scientific conversation all the way back to the 1800s, and the once-novel idea that evolution could eventually, gradually produce new species. From his experiments, Dobzhansky produced a theory about how new species originate.

Mutations happen naturally in population, creating variations that can stick around if they're beneficial or just neutral. And if populations are isolated, these variations can remain within a single group, with new mutations popping up. but none of these would spread to the rest of the species. Over time, this would make one group genetically distinct from others, potentially causing problems if it tried to interbreed with others. And given enough time, it would lose the ability to interbreed with other population entirely. It would become a new species.

This was the beginning of "the Modern Synthesis," a collaboration by many evolutionary biologists of the time to explain large-scale patterns of evolution. And while the Modern Synthesis has changed over time, it's still the framework for our current understanding of how evolution works. In 1953, we added a better understanding of how genetics works, through the discovery of the structure of DNA and how it functions. So, now we know that mutations randomly happen when DNA is copied incorrectly during replication. Now we also know that natural selection is only one of the mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow. And it's this knowledge that allows us to witness microevolution taking in studies of bacteria that develop resistance to antibiotics.

Krasue

Mount Rushmore

How this relates to our topic about the Treaty of Waitangi? This is related to Waitangi because after they form a treaty the United States broke the treaty it is similar to the Treaty of Waitangi because after they form a treaty with the European the Maori want to war. 

My thoughts on Waitangi day is that we should celebrate it if we don't, we wouldn't know what Waitangi day is about.   

Megaflood

In the vast, arid landscape of Eastern Washington lie the traces of an ancient disaster. Outside the city of Spokane, massive scour marks run through the rocky ground, creating a strange terrain known as the scablands. A bit to the west, a channel has been shaped into the Earth that's as deep as a forty story building. Elsewhere, miles of rolling hills run across Washington, Montana, and Idaho, resembling enormous ripples up to 15 meters high. These characteristics are all the lingering remains of an epic geological mystery that took nearly half a century to solve. Every great mystery requires a great detective and geologist J Harlen Bretz was a great detective indeed. In the early 1900s, He investigated these strange features and soon concluded that features like these could only have made by water. A lot of it. Running fast. But that stream of water that had transformed the land would have to be unimaginably huge. It must've been a flood, of almost biblical proportions. He met scepticism, to put it softly when Bretz presented this hypothesis in 1927. But ultimately, his investigation would unravel one of the most powerful and bizarre mysteries in recent geologic history. And as a result, it would change the way geologists understand the world today. Because Bretz was right: This landscape was the result of flooding. But not just a single flood. Rather, it was dozens of major, destructive floods that took place over the course of more than 7,000 years, forever transforming the landscape of the Pacific Northwest. What Bretz had discovered was evidence of floods that can only be described in one word: catastrophic.

When Bretz first started studying the weird landscape of the Northwest in the 1920s, there was a certain school of thought that most geologists followed. It was known as uniformitarianism, the idea that the present is the key to knowing the past. In this view, all rocks, landforms, and other geological features can only have been created by processes that we can observe today. And except for the occasional volcanic eruption, or river overflowing its banks, all modern processes are gradual, like erosion. So to these geologists, the scablands of Washington could only be formed by glaciers and the ripples must be deposited of what the glaciers had slowly scraped away. Because of the results of glaciers had been seen around to world and through the lens of uniformitarianism, they seemed to most closely resemble the features that Bretz was studying. But Bretz had studied glacial geology, too, and he knew what glacial could do. And to him, the characteristics he saw just didn't fit. Rather, they looked like a scaled-up version of what appears after a big flood. For Bretz, the clearest evidence of flooding was the shape of the canyons in the Scablands and other areas. These canyons, also called coulees, have flat bottoms and steep, vertical walls - very different from the U shape of valleys that are carved by glacial, or the V-shaped valley made by rivers. One especially large coulee called Dry Falls appeared to have formed a massive waterfall over 100 meters tall and 3 and a half kilometres wide; that's twice as tall, and five times wider, than Niagara falls! But water doesn't just remove things; it also deposits things. And Bretz saw that the landscape was scattered with boulders weighing up to 200 tons, having tumbled miles away from their origin, like pebbles on a beach. He also noted massive ripples in the earth and gravel bars up to 90 meters high, all types of deposits made by powerful flowing water. Finally, Bretz knew that these features couldn't be linked to glaciers, because of what was missing: the huge ridges of deposited sand and gravel called moraines, which form around advancing glaciers. Only one tiny moraine was located in the scablands, not nearly enough evidence for the giant glaciers that would have been required to carve features this big. But despite all of this evidence, other scientists weren't convinced that this strange landscape was developed by an epic flood. They argued that humans had never observed a flood anywhere that big as the one that Bretz proposed, so they were unwilling to believe that such a thing was even possible. Uniformitarianism explained a great deal about geology and epic floods just didn't fit into it. What giant floods did fit into was the geological mindset that Uniformitarianism had replaced: An older school of thought known as catastrophism. Catastrophism was an idea put forward in the early 1800s by French scientist Georges Cuvier. This theory explained all geologic formations as evidence of large, sudden, and unpredictable events usually that was referred to in the bible like celestial impacts, enormous volcanic eruptions, and massive floods. So no matter how good his evidence was, Bretz's hypothesis seemed extremely outdated. And there was still one mystery that Bretz couldn't explain.  If all this flooding really happened, then where's the water come from?

He originally thought that the water had come from some melting glacier. But he couldn't explain how the glacier had melted fast enough to create so much water all at once. It turns out, he was looking in the wrong area. But someone else knew where the water came from. This half of the mystery was solved by Joseph T. Pardee, a geologist with the U.S Geological Survey. Pardee had visited a conference where Bretz presented his hypothesis about the Ice Age megaflood and watched as Bretz supported his claim against a room full of sceptics. And more than 10 years earlier, Pardee had been working in Western Montana and where he'd found evidence of an enormous, Ice Age lake that had since disappeared. His main piece of evidence? Distinctive lines he saw high on the hillsides. These lines create small benches, much like the shorelines of a reservoir. So Pardee thought that these ancient shorelines were made by an ancient lake whose origin was the Clark Fork River, which still flows today through the valley below. This giant lake came to be known as Glacial Lake Missoula, named after the town. But a reservoir requires a dam, and a lake this size would've needed a big one. So what had dammed the river to form a lake, what happened to the dam?

To find out, Pardee followed Lake Missoula shorelines for miles to the west, into the panhandle of Idaho, at which point the lines just disappeared. But where they ended, he found something else: big, U shaped valleys and glacial moraines both evidence of glaciers in the area. So the evidence proposed that a glacier had blocked the river to form the lake. Judging by the landforms around it, it must've been about 50 kilometres wide and more 600 metres tall. And the reason it didn't exist anymore was that it was made of ice. So with his missing dam now found, Pardee had a new question to answer: where'd all of the water go? By some accounts, Pardee had already suspected that the scablands that Bretz described were created by the drainage of his lake. But it took more than a decade for Pardee to publish the evidence that linked his lake to Bretz's flood. On a mountain pass in northern Washington for example, he found massive scour marks. In the river valleys of western Montana, he recorded large bars of debris that had been carried there by currents. And in Montana and Idaho, he studied enormous rippling dunes made of gravel. All of these strange features were consistent with the evidence of flooding. And they were all downstream of where the ice dam would have been. So Pardee concluded that, periodically, too much water built up behind the ice dam that held back Glacial Lake Missoula, until it ruptured. After all, ice is less dense than water. So when the water level in Lake Missoula got high enough, it would've caused the dam to float upward. And as the water began to rush out underneath, the enormous pressure would cause the dam to break. Then, by most estimates, about 2500 cubic kilometres of water broke free. The water formed massive waves as it rushed away from Lake Missoula to the west. Along the way, it lifted giant boulders, carved the steep cliffs and rolling hills of Bretz's scablands, and helped shape the vast Columbia River Gorge that today forms the boundary between Washington and Oregon. Pardee eventually wrote up all of this evidence, detailing what happened to the missing lake and connecting it to the floods that Bretz had postulated in 1942.

And in the decades after these two intrepid detectives did their work, other Geologists used newer techniques to establish that these floods actually happened many times, One of the clearest pieces of evidence is in the remains of the bed of Lake Missoula itself. The dark and light bands of sediment on the floor of the lake, known as varves, are like an archive of the years when the lake was full of water. Dark varves correspond to winter deposits and light ones to summer. But some of these layers are interrupted by beds of gravel that was deposited by rapidly moving floodwater. So the number of varves that appear between the layer of gravel tells us that these catastrophic floods happened every 20 to 60 years. And scientists have even been able to track down multiple lines of evidence to estimate when they happened. Over the years, geologists have studied flood deposited in the ocean, where the Columbia River empties into the sea. They've studied the sediments in rocky outcrops and the chemistry of the giant boulders found along the path of the flood. And together these clues suggest that Glacial Lake Missoula flooded many times within a span of 7,000, from around 20,900 to 13,500 years ago.

         

Maori and European Population Changes in NZ 1836 - 1901

1) What does the Graph show us? Population changes in New Zealand in 1836 - 1901.
2) Why do you think the numbers of Maori change? Because of the Maori people killed their own people.
3) Why do you think the numbers of Europeans changed? Because more European are moving into New Zealand.

Reborn

Hi, my name is Nick I am a 21-year-old male university student studying to become an architect. My sister is 24-year-old studying at a university to become a fashion designer. My mum is from Thailand and my dad is half Japanese and half Korean.  I have two friends Olivia and Tony. They are studying at the same university as me. Olivia is studying to be a Botany and Tony is studying to be a  Chemical Engineer.  And this is how I'm reborn into another world.

Today my friend is congregating me for coming first on the best Skyscraper design. My design of the Skyscraper was going to be made from wood because of it more Eco-friendly and the Skyscraper can become a living garden it was the bast day of my life. But that day, I was heading back home from the party, I was killed by someone.
The killer whispers "it should have been me up there, why is it you up there it should have been me".
When he finished he keep stabbing in the abdomen after that he ran away leaving me to die. He could have ended my suffering but he left me to die to have a slow painful death to make me feel abandonment to suffered alone. As I continue to bleed from my abdomen I slowly lose consciousness and slowly closing my eyes. When I open my eyes I was put behind bars and people around me dress differently but then I look at my self I'm only wearing dirty cloth, wait I also have boobs I quickly run to a barred of water it turns out that I'm a woman. As I look closely at my reflection I have rainbow colour eyes like an insect eye with purple hair and my skin tone is like Vanilla but I don't know how old this body is maybe 16 or 18? Suddenly two guys walk up to me with a rope and tied my hands
"where are we going?" I ask
"your being sold" The two guys reply
I was quickly dragged to meet the person who bought me. His name is Lancelot but people call him Lance for short. He has dark blue hair and light green eyes also handsome any woman that looks at him would fall for him. I'm standing across from him but he smells like he been smoking and I can also smell drug or medicine from him. The two guys give the rope to him, he quickly dragged me to a carriage. Once we in the carriage he unties me
 " Why did you buy me?" I ask him
" It simple, for experiments" Lance reply
I look at him with a worried face he glances back now it awkward so I look through the window seeing the city. The city looks like it was in the High Middle Age period that I learn from high school.
" Sorry to ask but what year is it?" I ask him
" It year 1022" he responds
" Look like we here" he notify
As I look outside the window I saw a mansion. A mansion that builds from stone and ditch of water for farming and defending. While I was daydreaming Lance order the maids to clean me up. The maids gap my hand and ran straight to the bath to get me to wash up, They hand me a maid uniform wear and show me around the mansion, the kitchen, the garden, the library, the experiment room, and finally the room that I'll be sleeping in. It old cover with spider webs and a lot of dust so I guess I'll have to start cleaning right away before I go to sleep.

Next morning
I wake up early in the morning to get ready for the day. I walk into the kitchen looking for something to eat the maid suddenly show up in front of me, handing me breakfast she told me after I finish eating go to the experiment room. Breakfast wasn't that nice this some barley bread and band soup after I finish eating I head straight to the experiment room while I was heading to the experiment room I hurt some maid talking about me
" Why are we wasting food on this slave girl," said one of the maids
" she probably going to die within a week anyway haha" one of the maid's laughs 
" Yeah she probably going to die like the other slave" one of the maids giggle
I was shocked by listening to the maid's conversation that I'm not the only one that gone thought this. I was scared of having to go the experiment how am I going to survive this I told myself to put my emotion aside and go thought the experiment then I'll find a way to survive in this world. As I walk into the experiment room I see lance waiting for me.
" Come, sit here" he ordered
" Yes" I answer calmly
He hands me a drink it green.
" drink it" he ordered.
This is when told my self here we go. As I take a sip of the green liquid I suddenly feel burning pain and irritation around my mouth and throat. I was shocked by the burning pain I end up dropping the cup of poison. Lance gabbing the cup forcing me to drink more poison. The burning pain in my mouth, throat, and my digestive tract are like being bake inside out. My body just couldn't take it and end up vomiting it out.
" Guess that is enough for the day," he says it like it not his first time doing it.
Lance give me another drink I hesitate to drink it but he told me its painkiller. I take a sip just to be safe and then finishing it. My condition has gotten better but the painkiller only calms the symptoms I can still feel the burning pain without the painkiller I don't think I can talk or breath but I don't know how long the painkiller would last.   
" Be ready for tomorrow you should use your time wisely" he advises.
" Yes" I answer
As I walk out of the room I decided to go to the library to find out about this world and to find a better treatment for my illnesses. What I find out about this world was that there 3 kingdoms, The Sinyeong empire up north, The kingdom of Prakasa Registaan in the south, and the kingdom that I'm in is the kingdom of Ignis Gelaveth. The library doesn't have a lot of information about the kingdom the only information I got was from a map. The books in the library are all about poisonous plants I think I found some plants that could help calm my symptoms like the Azure raindrop plant in the books it says that it helps with burns and digestive tract but it has a side effect that lower your blood pressure making you more tired.  Another plant that I find polar nightshade berry that can be used as an antidote against the poison inside me. So I decided to head into the forest to look for the plants as I'm gathering the plants I also find the rock fruit that grows next to the river. The fruit is poisonous but it has a lot of starches maybe I can find a way to get rid of the poison maybe I can turn it into flour not only that I found some huge freshwater shellfish but in the books, it said that it tastes disgusting and poisonous mushrooms. As I walk back to the mansion I became more aware of the maid conversation.
" Hey, how long do you think that slave girl can endure?" One of the maid's sadists said.
" I don't know probably a week haha" The maid's giggle.
" I wonder what are master would do to that slave girl haha..." The maid's giggle more.
I'm done listening so I head straight to the kitchen to prepare to make medicinal food from the poisonous plants and the shellfish. I fermented the rock fruits and drying it out then grinding it into flours. What I'm making is udon with the shellfish as the soup with dry poisonous mushrooms and tempera. After finishing eating the udon I can feel the effect of the plants I feel better already I need to write this down. So I wrote how to removed the poison or reduce the poison effect on the body I know this because of my friend Olivia and also the knowledge of my past life back then I was a very curious person. I was good at everything but there a problem I try too hard and get exhausted so I need to take care of myself more but I need to focus on surviving so I decided to go to sleep.

As the experiment went by days, weeks, and now a month I been living in this world for a month. Some of the maids started to questions why I'm still alive.
" Why is that slave-girl still alive, slaves that had gone thought the experiment only live for a week why is she not dead" one of the maid's whisper.
" I don't know did our master gone soft?" She questions.
" But did you know our master has been drinking a lot lately" One of the maid's worried look on her face.
I never care about the conversation the only thing I care about was surviving. I headed to the experiment room I sit there and waited for Lance. Lance walk in with an angry face he gives me a drink.
" another poison drink," I ask him.
" no" he answers.
Well down it goes I started to drink it. The elixir started to make me feel light-headed and it hard to keep my eyes open as I was about to fall into a deep sleep I hear Lance talking.
" I don't need you any more, time to put the old tool back where it belongs" he mumbled.
I started to wake up from my deep sleep and wondering where I am Not only that but I finally realise that all I have done was for nothing I just end up being abandon to suffer alone no I don't want to be abandoned, I don't want to suffer alone, I don't want to die here all alone. This is all his fault I'll make him feel pain but deep down I pity him. He must have found out all the writing that I been doing all of his hard work was destroy by me. As I stroll around the poison forest. 90% of the wildlife in the poison forest are poisonous or venomous Lance probably wanted me to die here. So I decided to head deeper into the forest what I discovered was a fairy tree. A Fairy tree is an ancient tree release a lot of mana in its surrounding flourishing the land. As I walk closer to the tree I notice that there scroll and a katana. I pick up the scroll and read it the scroll talks about the fairy dance it says that it allows you to dance forever and allowing you to be free not even the earth or the sky can bring it down. I pick up the katana and unsheath it just look like a normal katana. So I decided to practice the fairy dance. 6 month later I have completed the fairy dance also I did not only practice the fairy dance I also produce poisons that can even kill a dragon. The fairy dance training is about putting your body into a dangerous environment like in the water, in a low oxygen place, in a zero-gravity place, and fighting a dangerous animal. I modified the fairy dance to be like fighting style where you use the enemy attack to injurious them. As I tour around the poison forest I discovered a dragon. I walk calmly to the dragon and said.
" Hey, dragon get out for the forest or you will die by my hand"
" hahaha, you gonna kill me? a weak human like you think you can kill me do you know how I am, I'm Varsha Zeudra the dragon that can control the weather, how about this I'll give you one chance to hit me how about that weak human" the dragon laugh.
" Ok then, Lotus strike, flash sting!" I shouted.
Striking the dragon in a flash in six different areas injecting poison into the dragon body.
" I barely feel any pain," said the dragon talking down at me.
but the dragon suddenly vomiting up blood and foam started to appear in the dragon mouth.
" What did you do to me-" the dragon last breath.
You see the more I strike my enemy the more toxic my poison become I called it Catalyst I also modified the fairy dance I wonder what should I call it? Hmm, Dance of the jellyfish blooming lotus oh wait you can't hear me cause your dead. To be continued. 

Maori religion and Maori god

Explain what religion had a role in society?
To explain the unknown or phenomenon also to make society more healthy.

Similarities of religion?
Maori religion belief in gods like Christianity but to did the christ and the Maori communicate they use music and art to communicate.

Do they have conflict?
The conflict they have was the difference in the gods at they believe in and the way that they worship the god.

Fluid Mechanics

How do Fluids work? We're going to need to learn about fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics explains how the air moves around your car, how food colouring moves through the water, And it explains what makes quicksand act like quicksand.

While a car is moving, it's going to interact with the fluid that it's moving through which will be air in most cases. As the car interacts with the air, the two can affect one another, and this can lead to what we call transfer. The transfer is when something moves or is moved, from one place to another. There can be a transfer of momentum or a transfer of heat maybe even mass. But if we're looking at moving fluids, then we'll often have transfer of momentum, which can be better understood with Fluid Mechanics. Fluid Mechanics studies how fluids respond to the forces exerted on them.

So how exactly do fluids move and how does a particle or anything for that move within a fluid? To answer these questions, we need to know about stress, strain, and viscosity. Suppose we have fluid between two flat plates. If we were to move the bottom plate, what would happen to the fluid? How would it move? At the top and bottom, where the fluid is in contact with the surface, the individual particles of the fluid will go through something called the no-slip condition. In the no-slip condition, fluid in motion will come to a complete at a solid surface and assume a zero velocity relative to the surface. The particles of the fluid that are touching the solid will stick to its surface, meaning that they won't slip. Because of this, the fluid particles in contact with the bottom plate will move with it, while the fluid particles at the top will stay with the stationary plate.

This is happening due to stress, the force that's applied to a cross-sectional area of an object or substance. If the forces are normal or perpendicular to the surface of the object, then we have normal stress. If it's parallel, then we have shear stress. We can find stress by taking the applied force and dividing it by our cross-sectional area. Once the fluid is stressed, the degree to which it stretches is called strain. The strain is the deformation that stress causes on a system. If the deformation causes something in a system to become either shorter or longer, Then we can find its strain by taking the change in length and dividing it by the initial length. And this is called normal strain. But if the deformation is a change in angle between two segments that had been perpendicular to each other, then we have shear strain. And we can find that by subtracting the change in angle from the original angle, which will either be pi over 2 or 90 degrees, depending on your units. So all of this is what would happen if our bottom plate was moving. But what if neither plate move, and we have a pump driving the flow of the fluid between them?

The no-slip condition would apply. While the fluid moved, its particles at the surface of the two plates would stay stationary. But we need to take into account is viscosity. Viscosity is essentially a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and it's often referred to as the thickness of a fluid. Water has a low viscosity and honey has a higher viscosity. The law of viscosity says that Newtonian fluid as fluids with a viscosity that's independent of stress. No matter how much stress you put on the fluids, its viscosity never changes. Non-Newtonian fluids, don't follow the law of viscosity like quicksand and water mix with cornstarch. This means that their strain can change too. If you add stress to quicksand it will thin out and you will sink and if you mix water with cornstarch and add stress it will thicken. Most of the non-Newtonian fluid will thin out. Like how quicksand sucks you in, you step on the surface of quicksand creating stress and making quicksand become less viscous.


Now, there's still the matter of how one fluid moves within another fluid. In 1868, Osborne Reynolds graduates college, he becomes the first professor of engineering at Owens College in Manchester. Reynolds did an experiment on moving water he found when you add a drop of food colouring which has the same density of water. When he adds a drop of food colouring into slow-moving water the flow of the food colouring maintained its place and pattern in the centre of the water we call this Laminar flow. Laminar flow is the flow of fluid when each particle of the fluid follows a smooth path, paths which never interfere with one another.

But when he adds a drop of food colouring into fast-moving water the food colouring spread out and diffused mixing with the water we call this Turbulent flow. Turbulent flow is the fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. Those are the main two types of flow that Reynolds found but we also have something called transitional flow. Transitional flow is a mixture of laminar and turbulent flow, with turbulent in the centre of the pipe and laminar flow near the edges. To find out if the fluid is flowing laminar or turbulent we need to use Reynolds number for the flow of a fluid in a pipe by taking the diameter of the pipe and multiplying it by the velocity of the fluid and the density of the fluid, then dividing all of that by the viscosity of the fluid. The value we get for our Reynold number will be dimensionless, meaning there are no units attached to it, but it can tell us a lot about the movement of a fluid. Reynolds number help us how predictable or how chaotic fluid flow will be.

This is because we look at Reynold number as a ratio of inertial force to viscous force. Inertial force means to represent the driving kinetic movement of the fluid, which results in chaotic flow movement, like the swirling motion of eddies and vortices. Viscous force means represent resistance to flow and are move likely to provide slow, steady motion. A low Reynold number represents laminar flow and a high Reynold number represents a turbulent flow. Laminar flow usually has a Reynold number lower than 2100 and turbulent flow usually have a Reynold number high than 4000. Reynold number between these two values typically represents the transitional flow. 

Why is fluid mechanics is important because we need to know-how fluid workaround us and object and how fluid move from one place to another like sewage. Sewage is important because we make a lot of waste and we need to get rid of it this is why fluid mechanics. Also, fluid mechanics help us to develop a better car and others. 

Oral Presentations - Reflection

1. What was your presentation about? My presentation is about how to make people more open to you by being open yourself.

2. Which part of your work are you proud of? being open and sharing how people can be more open.

3. Were there any challenges? Speaking to the class.

4. Would you do anything differently next time? Speaking more clearly.

Ancient Egyptian Inventions - Papyrus

Papyrus is a plant which once grew in abundance, primarily in the wilds of the Egyptian Delta but also elsewhere in the Nile River Valley, but is now quite rare. Papyrus buds opened from a horizontal root growing in shallow freshwater and the deeply saturated Delta mud. These plants once were simply part of the natural vegetation of the region, but once people found a utilitarian purpose for them, they were cultivated and managed in farms, harvested heavily, and their supply depleted. Papyrus still exists in Egypt today but in greatly reduced number.  

Illustrate Knowledge Of Stone Age Art

 This stone-age art is made from black paint and sand. The idea came from Chauvet in France. The animal is a bull. I chose the bull because I got the idea of bull of heaven in the story when Gilgamesh kill the bull of heaven. The bull is like a god or a magic animal. I think that the bull symbolize masculinity, power, and the violence from the gods. 

Social Studies - Tech and Change

In Social Studies, we have been looking at screen time. How long we were on our technology. To do this we use an app that you can use to see how much screen time the class have in a day, week, etc. The charts show how long we been on our technology and the type of technology.





























In Social Studies, we also learn the history of cellphones. This timeline explains it.

How do fish make electricity

Fish using electricity is more common than you think. Underwater, where light is scarce, electrical signals offer ways to communicate, navigate, and find plus, in rare cases stun prey. Nearly 350 species of fish have specialized anatomical structures that generate and detect electrical signals. These fish are divided into two groups, depending on how much electricity they produce. Scientists call the first group the weakly electric fish. Structures near their tails called electric organs, produce up to a volt of electricity, about two-thirds as much as a AA battery.

 How do this work? The fish's brain sends a signal through its nervous system to the electric organs, which is filled with stacks of hundreds or thousands of disc-shaped cells called electrocytes. Normally, electrocytes pump-out sodium and potassium ions to maintain a positive charge outside and negative charge inside. But when the nerve signal arrives at the electrocytes, it prompts the ions gate to open. Positively charged ions flow back in. Now, one face of the electrocytes are negatively charged outside and positively charged inside. But the far side has the opposite charge pattern. These alternating charges can drive a current, turning the electrocyte into a biological battery. The key to these fish's powers is that nerve signals are coordinated to arrive at each cell at exactly the same time. That makes the stacks of electrolytes act like thousands of batteries in series. The tiny charges from each one add up to an electrical field that can travel several meters. Cells called electroreceptors buried in the skin allow to fish to constantly sense this field and the changes to it caused by the surroundings or other fish.

 The peter's elephant nose fish, for example, has an elongated chin called a Schnauzenorgan that's riddled in electroreceptors. That allows it to intercept signals from other fish, judge distances, detect the shape and size of nearby objects, and even determine whether a buried insect is dead or alive. But the elephant nose and other weakly electric fish don't produce enough electricity to attack their prey. That ability belongs to the strongly electric fish, of which there are only a handful of species.

The most powerful strongly electric fish is the electric knife fish, more commonly known as the electric eel. Three electric organs span almost its entire two-meter body. Like the weakly electric fish, the electric eel uses its signals to navigate and communicate, but it reserves its strongest electric discharges for hunting using a two-phased attack that susses out and then incapacitates its prey. First, it emits two or three strong pulses, as much as 600 volts. These stimulate the prey's muscles, sending it into spasms and generating waves that reveal its hiding place. Then, a volley of fast, high voltage discharges causes even more intense muscle contractions. The electric eel can also curl up so that the electric fields generated at each end of the electric organ overlap. The electrical storm eventually exhausts and immobilizes the prey and the electric eel can swallow it's meal alive. The other two strongly electric fish are the electric catfish, which can unleash 350 volts with an electric organ that occupies most of its torso, and the electric ray, with kidney-shaped electric organs on either side of its head that produce as much as 220 volts. There is one mystery in the world of electric fish is why don't they electrocute themselves? It may be that the size of strongly electric fish allows them to withstand their own shocks, or that the current passes out of their bodies too quickly. Some scientists think that special proteins may shield the electric organs, but the truth is, this is one mystery science still hasn't illuminated.

Persuasive Essay

Persuasive Essay Why should bring back extinct animals

It is easy to imagine life with the Passenger pigeon, woolly mammoth and etc roaming
around. They all have one thing in common, they’re extinct. In fact, scientists estimate
that 5 billion species have come and gone off this planet. But what if we could bring them
back? What if extinction didn’t have to be a permanent thing? Right now scientists are
using revolutionary new genetic techniques to try to bring back some of these species. 

The woolly mammoth is an impressive specimen. It was the king of the tundra for
millions of years. Then it rather suspiciously disappeared around the same time that
humans appeared. Most scientists think it’s likely that they were hunted to extinction.
Most of the species that have gone extinct in recent years are because we destroyed the
habitat, we’ve introduced species, or we’ve killed them outright, like the passenger
pigeons. It was hard to imagine, at the time, that this bird species that are so abundant
could actually be hunted to extinction. But we managed to do that. While it’s normal for
species to die out over time because of evolution or a cataclysmic event some scientists
think the earth is now entering a new age of mass extinction, called the Anthropocene or
Holocene extinction, caused by human. Animals, plants and insects are dying out at a
rate of 1000 to 10000 time faster than ever before, with dozens of species going extinct
every single day. Some scientists estimate that as many as 30 to 50 per cents of
all species could be headed towards extinction by end of the century. But what if
extinction didn't have to be a thing? What if we could bring species back at will? 

How do we do it? Woolly mammoth, Passenger pigeon, dodo, and etc are extinct but
these species DNA is still around, in places like museum drawers and buried in the
ground. Today, scientists think de-extinction might be the answer to saving our plant’s
lost biodiversity.

Boomerangs - social studies

Boomerangs

What was the purpose of the activity?
The purpose of this activity is to learn about the Indigenous Australian Boomerangs. How the Indigenous Australian use the boomerang to hurt a small animal or stunning kangaroos. The boomerang art is based on important ancient stories and symbols.

Another World - Diversity

Diversity

The past two terms in English we have been looking at the concept of another world. The class has read books linking to different people and worlds which our world can connect to. We have watched and read from different perspectives which involved the idea diversity. Diversity was shown in the film ( Zootopia ) and the book ( The children of the blood and bone ).

Is diversity important what does it mean to you? I don't know I think it not important to learn about diversity. I think it better to learn about how a human makes a decision.

Street art

1) Why do we look at street art? Why do we stop when we see it?
What is our reaction? Because it attracts our eyes onto the street art.
To see the whole street art. Surprised.

2) Why do we need and use visual symbols around us? 

So we can recognize it and remember it.

3) What are examples of common visual symbols in our environment?
(collect examples for the drawing - think about what you might be able to use
in making artworks later on as you do)

Revenge is an endless cycle/ Forgiveness/ second chances

Revenge is an endless cycle. Is it fair to give people second chances or forgive them? In Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi, A memorable idea is revenge is an endless cycle. This helps the reader to understand revenge, forgiveness and second chances.

A memorable idea in Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi is revenge is an endless cycle. In the book Chapter 63 - Zelie. When Inan tells Zelie they had no choice they had to massacre the Maji. To quote Zelieere's always a choice".  I think back to the cycles of revenge and violence. Do people have a choice? I think there's always a choice. Saying that we had no choice is acting in bad faith. This reminds me of Rick and Morty season 3 ep 3 when Rick become a pickle because he doesn't want to go to therapy cause he doesn't want to show his emotion. Rick thinks that showing your emotion is your weakness so he becomes a pickle because pickle don't have arms or legs is not his fault that he can't make it to therapy. What Rick is doing is acting in bad faith. My thoughts are that the king is acting in bad faith instead of becoming a  better person he decides to kill all of the Maji.

A memorable idea in Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi is forgiveness. In the book Chapter 80 - Zelie. When The blackest part of my rage finally has the power it's always craved, the chance to avenge Mama. Now Baba. I'll take these shadows of death and end them. Each and every one. No. Baba's voice rings in my head, steady and strong. To quote Zelie Revenge is meaningless. I think Zelie forgive Inan but not the king. This reminds me of Avatar: The Last Airbender Katara “I wanted to take out all my anger at him, but I couldn’t. I don’t know if it’s because I’m too weak to do it or... if it’s because I’m strong enough not to.” “But I didn’t forgive him. I’ll never forgive him. But I am ready to forgive you (Zuko).” My thoughts are that Zelie and Katara are angry and they want Revenge but they are also sad that there love ones has left the world.

A memorable idea in Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi is second chances. In the book Chapter 58 - Inan. When Zelie give Inan second chances and forgive him but Tzain disagrees. “I lost control today.” Her voice cracks. “I hurt him. I hurt Tzain.”  I feel it all, Tzain’s venomous words, the shadows that raged. The guilt, the hatred, the shame left in her magic’s wake. I squeeze Zélie tighter, a warm rush running through me when she squeezes back. “I lost control once, too.” “Did someone get hurt?” “Someone died,” I say quietly. “Someone I loved.” This reminds me of Avatar: The Last Airbender - Aang speaks to Zuko “But now I know you understand how easy it is to hurt the people you love. I would like you to teach me.” Zuko accidentally burns Toph, and Aang accidentally burns Katara. Inan scars Amari. Zélie hurts Tzain with her magic. Do people deserve second chances? My thoughts are that second chances are good but it risky.

Conclusion
Revenge is an endless cycle because there will be that person that will try and take your loved ones away from you. Forgiveness is a great thing it let you move on from your horrible past but make sure to forgive the good people because sometimes people betray you. Do people deserve second chances? The book tells us that it a good thing to give people second chances because the person that hurt us are trying to change. This to me taught me a lot how revenge will be with me forever and I can not run away from it, it is an endless curse. Forgiveness allows me to move on but second chances I think I had doubt about giving people second chances this book has not convinced me to give people second chances.

ESOL - The Adelie Penguins

Adelie penguin and adaptations



The Adelie Penguin is common along the entire coast of the Antarctic. These penguins are mid-sized, being 46 to 71 cm in height and 3.6 to 6.0 kg in weight. They have a white ring surrounding their eyes and feathers at the base of the bill. The Adelie penguin's appearance looks somewhat like a tuxedo. I think the black and white colour is used for camouflage because a predator looking up from below has difficulty distinguishing between a white penguin belly and the reflective water surface. The Adelie penguins usually swim at around 8 km/h. They are able to leap some 3 metres out of the water on land. I think this adaptation is used when their camouflage doesn't work and the predator can see them so they leap out of the water on land where the predator can't get them. 

The Adelie penguin behaviour


The male performs this display by stretching his head and neck up while pointing his bill vertically. He then flaps his outstretched wing while making a call that resembles the loud mutual display. The loud mutual display consists of the mutual display where the Adelie raises and waves its head from side to side plus the several syllables mutual call. During non-breeding times the Adelie penguin can be found as far as 1000 km away from its breeding grounds. They leave their breeding grounds sometime during late December through early February and don’t return to their breeding grounds until 7 months later in September or October. The Adelie penguins are known to identify others as mates, neighbours, or strangers by the other’s Loud Mutual Call. When a male hears its mate’s call they will often respond by calling back to the mate, looking at or for their mate, and by rearranging nest stones or eggs. Females also respond similarly to a mate’s call. When hearing a neighbour, males show comfort behaviour which includes actions such as preening, stretching, shaking, yawning, or defecating. 



Adelie Penguins Sexual Behaviour

We like to think of Adelie as innocent little butlers but they're hornier than a pair of teens in a Meatloaf song. In 1912 explorer George Murray Levick observed a group of thirsty ass male penguins so horned up and looking for sex, that he labelled them hooligan cocks. The Adelie Penguins humps everything that moves and a lot of stuff that don't. Including injured females, baby penguins that had fallen out of nests, corpses, even the ground itself. They literally fucked a hole in the earth. To quote Levick's journal, "There seems to be no crime too low for these penguins." His findings were so shocking that the academic community refused to publish his work. Turns out not to just be a few Adelie. Research now suggested this non-stop pleasure is pretty common among Adelies. Males interpret almost any behaviour as an invitation for mating. In fact, it takes surprisingly little to get a male Adelie in the mood. Researchers found that even a female's severed head with stickers for eyes, on top of a rock, was enough to attract a male penguin.